“An immoral man of learning is a great evil;
Yet a greater evil is an ignoramus leading a godly life.
Both are a great trial everywhere
To whomever clings to his religion.”
Imam Burhan al-Din al-Zarnuji cited the above lines of his poetry in his work, “Ta’lim Al-Muta’allim” (Instruction of the Student). A good reminder to all, especially to those who teach.
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Shaykh Seraj Hasan Hendricks and Shaykh Dr Hisham, with Shaykh Ahmad Hasan Hendricks, cowrote “A Sublime Way: the Sufi Path of the Sages of Makka”, as a comprehensive exposition of the tariqa. This website went live following the book’s completion, and is under the supervision of Shaykh Dr Hisham and his students.
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“We pray that you, Shaykh Dr Hisham, fulfill this additional trust (amana) of being connected to this historic institution; and we ask that God grants you aid and support.”
[Shaykh Seraj Hendricks in his letter of appointment of ‘senior scholar’ of the renowned Azzawia Institute]
al-marhum al-‘allama Shaykh Seraj Hassan Hendricks
In July 2020, one of South Africa’s greatest Muslim scholars, Shaykh Seraj Hassan Hendricks of Azzawia Institute, was laid to rest a few metres from his father, uncles, and grandfather, in a Capetonian cemetery. The grandfather, Shaykh Muhammad Salih Hendricks, had been the first of three generations of Hendricks to travel from this, the southernmost tip of the world, to Makka, in order to study with sages and scholars of the Islamic tradition. Shaykh Seraj, who died at the age of 64 on the 9th of July 2020 due to complications arising from a COVID19 infection, had entered the annals of history.
His close friend, confidante, and renowned South African public figure himself, Shafiq Morton, wrote thereafter: “he had to be a man for all people at all times.” He was a scholar of international repute, able to communicate and engage on the level of state leaders, religious scholars and the broader public. As a scion of one of the most prominent Islamic institutions in South Africa and internationally, who also spent a decade studying at the hands of the most prominent of Makkan scholars, he not only inherited a grand bequest, but expanded that legacy’s impact worldwide. In particular, he upheld a mainstream understanding of Islam, embedded in the normative tradition, stretching back more than a millennium – simultaneously, deeply cognisant of the needs of the age, including the need to strive to make the world a better place. For myself, he was an irreplaceable teacher and shaykh, whom I benefited tremendously from for more than a decade.
Shaykh Seraj was a high school English teacher between 1980 and 1982 in Cape Town before leaving for Saudi Arabia in 1983 to study at Umm al-Qura University in Makka. Shaykh Seraj had spent many years being schooled in Islamic thought at the hands of his uncles, who themselves had been scholars of Islam in south Africa, at Azzawia Institute, which Shaykh Seraj’s grandfather had founded – a distinguished institution that celebrates its centenary this year. His teachers in Cape Town included the likes of the late Shaykh Mahdi Hendricks – erstwhile Life President of the Muslim Judicial Council – Shaykh Seraj’s father, Imam Hassan Hendricks, and Shaykh Seraj’s uncle, Shaykh Mujahid Hendricks.
Shaykh Seraj studied the Islamic intellectual tradition for more than a decade in the holy city of Makka, specialising in fiqh and usul al-fiqh in the Faculty of Shariʿa of Umm al-Qura University before graduatingwith a BA (Hons) degree in 1992. Outside of his university studies, he studied with his primary teacher, the muhaddith of the Hijaz, a scholar of scholars, the distinguished Sayyid Muhammad b. Alawi al-Maliki al-Idrisi al-Hasani, master of the Tariqa Ulama Makka – the (sufi) path of the sages of Makka. Eventually, he and his brother, Shaykh Ahmad, may Allah grant him many more years in health, inwardly and outwardly, received full ijazas in the religious sciences from Sayyid Muhammad b. Alawi al-Maliki, and became his representatives (khulafa). They also took ijazat from both Sayyid Ahmad Mashur al-Haddad and Sayyid Abdal Qadir b. Ahmad al-Saqqaf, as well as spending extensive time spent with the likes of Shaykh Hasan Mashhat and others – pre-eminent ulama of the ummah in the 20th century.
Shaykh Seraj taught a variety of subjects at Azzawia Institute as resident shaykh, as was, and remains, Shaykh Ahmad Hendricks; alongside his duties at Azzawia, he also read for a Master’s degree at the University of South Africa (UNISA). Part of his MA thesis on Sufism in the Cape, which was awarded at the level of Cum Laude, is being prepared for publication as a book – beyond his academic studies, he also wrote a great deal publicly in the various fields of the Islamic intellectual tradition. I personally first came across him through his writings online, around two decades ago, before I had the opportunity to meet him in person, become his student, and work under his direction. His classes showed an encyclopaedic knowledge that was rooted in the tradition, while completely conversant with the modern age. His first full length book, co-written with his brother and myself, was entitled, “A Sublime Way: the Sufi Path of the Sages of Makka”, which was on the tariqa.
Some of Shaykh Seraj’s previous positions included being the head of the Muslim Judicial Council’s Fatwa Committee (which often led to him being described as the ‘Mufti of Cape Town’), lecturer in fiqh at the Islamic College of Southern Africa (ICOSA), and lecturer in the Study of Islam at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). He was a member of the Stanlib Shariʿa Board, chief arbitrator (Hakim) of the Crescent Observer’s Society, and was listed consecutively in the Muslim500 from 2009 to 2020. He was also appointed Dean of the Madina Institute, and professor at the International Peace University of South Africa.Apart from fiqh and usul al-fiqh, some of Shaykh Seraj’s primary interests were in Sufism, Islamic civilisation studies, interfaith matters, gender studies, socio-political issues and related ideas of pluralism and identity. He lectured and presented papers in many countries, sharing platforms with international peers; his teaching in private and public always showed the skills of a master instructor. Additionally, he translated and taught many works of Imam al-Ghazali, including in the Travelling Light series, together with Shaykhs Abdal Hakim Murad and Yahya Rhodus.
Shaykh Muhammad Salih Hendricks had grown up in a South Africa that had banned slavery only a few decades earlier. Shaykh Seraj Hendricks grew up during apartheid: it was a system he detested. Additional to his religious education, Shaykh Seraj was actively engaged in the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa, supporting the United Democratic Front – a collective of anti-apartheid groups – while still a young man. As a student, he found himself as one of the key figures of the famous Purple Rain March in Cape town in 1989; temporarily back home from his studies in the holy city of Makka, Shaykh Seraj was imprisoned for a time due to this stubborn commitment against injustice.
While fiercely maintaining the independence of the institution he pledged himself to his entire life, he was insistent on expressing constant opposition to injustice. At a time when different forces in Muslim communities worldwide try to instrumentalise religious figures for partisan political gain, Shaykh Seraj showed another, arguably far more Prophetic, model. It was something that particularly fascinated me because of the notion – that has become commonplace in certain quarters – to argue that mainstream, normative Sunnism, is somehow naturally and instinctively quietist and supportive of autocracy. Shaykh Seraj was profoundly connected to that same Sunnism, and he, along with many others such as Imam Abdullah Haroon, another Muslim South African figure, were vigorously opposed to Apartheid.
The shaykh was keenly supportive of the rights of women, whom he saw as important to empower and cultivate as religious figures themselves. His students, of which there were many thousands over the years, included many women at various levels of expertise. I know it was his wish that they would rise to higher and higher levels, and he took a great deal of interest in trying to train them accordingly, aware that many unnecessary obstacles stood in their way.
Beyond his classes, Shaykh Seraj was a pastoral figure to many – a community made of thousands – whom he gave himself completely to, in service of the religion, and counselling them as a khidma (service), with mahabba (love), in accordance with the Prophetic model. One could not have asked for a better teacher – he was on another level.
In the aftermath of his passing, there were condolences from disparate parts of the Muslim world, even those countries and forces who might otherwise be at odds with one another; from the US to Turkey to the United Arab Emirates to India and Indonesia. For any Muslim figure, in this political environment, to receive such resounding non-partisan support, is emblematic in and of itself.
The Shaykh was an international figure, a teacher to thousands, and an adviser to multitudes. Many today ask the question as to why ulama truly matter, seeing as it seems so many of them can be compromised by different forces in pursuit of injustice, rigidness and petty partisanship. Such a question will not be asked by those who knew Shaykh Seraj, for in him they saw a concern for spirituality, not paltry political gain, and a commitment to justice and wisdom, not oppression or slogans. In him, many saw, and will continue to see hope for an Islamic commitment to scholarship that seeks to make the world a better place, rising to the challenge of maintaining their values of mercy and compassion, and exiting the world in dignity.
[Different parts of this article were published in obituaries for Shaykh Seraj Hendricks in ‘ImanWire’ (USA publication) and TRT News (Turkish publication), with subsequent reprints elsewhere in the US, Indonesia and India. The author is Shaykh Dr Hisham.]
Dr Hisham is an internationally renowned author and scholar, educated at the universities of Sheffield and Warwick in law and the social sciences, and trained in the Islamic intellectual tradition in the Arab world and Southeast Asia. Shaykh Seraj Hendricks, the successor of the Makkan sage, Sayyid Muhammad b. Alawi al-Maliki, accorded him the traditional licensure in the Islamic sciences, and later authorised Dr Hisham as a representative of their Sufi order. His career has included academic and research positions at Cambridge University, Harvard University, the Brookings Institution, and Cambridge Muslim College. Born to an English convert father and an Egyptian mother of Abbasi and Hasani descent, he was raised between the West and the Arab world, and continues to split his time between both, due to his professional vocation and providing counsel to students and communities worldwide.
Shaykh Dr Hisham began researching the Islamic intellectual tradition in his teens, keeping the company of and studying under a number of classically trained-scholars in Europe, the Arab world, Southeast Asia, West Africa, and elsewhere, receiving licensures (ijazat) from a number of them. Al-marhum Shaykh Seraj Hendricks (khalifa’ of the Makkan sage Sayyid Muhammad b. Alawi al-Maliki) accorded him with the traditional licensure (ijaza) in the Islamic sciences in January 2009, and later authorised him as muqaddam in the tariqa (Sufi order).
Appointed as Council member of the British Board of Scholars and Imams, the first professorial fellow in Islamic Studies at Cambridge Muslim College, and Fellow of the Centre for Islamic Studies at the University of Cambridge, Shaykh Seraj Hendricks also named him as ‘senior scholar’ of the renowned Azzawia Institute. His career included training to post-doctoral levels in law and the social sciences at the universities of Sheffield and Warwick, alongside his traditional training in religion.
His professional vocation as a scholar and academic focused on geopolitics, and sociology, with positions at the universities of Cambridge, Harvard, and Warwick, as well as research institutions including the Brookings Institution, the Carnegie Endowment, and the Royal Institute for Defence and Security.
Raised between the West and the Arab world, he was born to an English father who embraced Islam at the Azhar in Cairo, and to an Egyptian mother of ʿAbbāsī-Sudanese & Ḥasanī-Moroccan heritage. Regularly included in the scholarly section of the annual global list of ‘The 500 Most Influential Muslims’, his books include A Sublime Path: the Sufi Way of the Makkan Sages for Fons Vitae, The Islamic Tradition and the Human Rights Discourse (editor) for the Atlantic Council, A Luminous Lamp for Dar al-Turath al-Islami, and others in different subjects.
As per the directions and instructions of his shaykhs, he teaches regularly from the Islamic canon, particularly in law (fiqh, spirituality (tasawwuf/Sufism), and theology (aqida) in addition to providing counsel to students on meaningful and rooted ways to engage in the modern world from a spiritual perspective. His class schedule can be found on this website.